Every organism including animals, plants and microorganisms are maintaining its life under influence of surrounding environment where various environmental factors interact intricately. Respiration process is an essential basic physiological function for life maintenance where ionic

situation is very important for air quality (1-5).

Under natural environment where there are lots of water in river and waterfall among forests and mountains, air is relatively rich in negative ion, making us feel some refresh. On the contrary, under artificial modernized environment like factory and recent business offices where many high technological instruments and machines like computers and televisions work, it is generally observed that air is rich in positive ion which make us feel some excitement and irritated emotional stressful effects. Although these phenomena show clear responses of human body to negative and positive ions, available information on detailed molecular mechanisms of ions on human and other biological body is very limited so far.  In order to elucidate relationships between functional ions and biological function, many detailed examinations are required, which can connect physiological or receptor functions with specific response of in vivo tissue constituents, including their interactions (6-9).

Generally speaking, charged atoms and molecules as well as their groups have been called as ion. When electron (e-) is removed from electric field of atom nucleus, atom  or molecule become plus(+) charged and are called positive (+) ion. On the contrary, when the electron (e-) is supplied to electric field of atom nucleus, atom or molecule become minus(-) charged and called as negative (-) ion. The term ionization means processes where neutral atoms or molecules change into ionized forms. It is clear that these ionized atoms and molecules are very reactive, including various physiological and biologically productive reactions with many organisms and natural substances.

Since the respective method has their specific characteristics, it is frequently advised for every one to understand their specificities well and to make the best use of them. In special, natural radioactive ceramics and sand powder method utilizes low level irradiation of radioactive materials containing small amount of uranium an/or thorium related rare earth elements, it is very important and essential to apply this method within limited scope where hormesis effect is admitted, and regulation permits biological applications under 370 bequrel. Furthermore, among these four ion generating methods, there is one common fact that relatively high energy flow is closely related with molecular bond of low molecular weight substances such as water, oxygen, nitrogen molecules, producing various negative or positive ions. Since these lower molecular weight substances and their corresponding ions are unstable, establishment of their correct handling and determination method is keenly required.  Concerning air ion density measuring method, JIS B9929 was admitted officially in Japan on October, 2006. Just like this case, establishment and integration of these measuring standards for other items are very important for mutual understanding and promotion of our activities in science technology and business(10-13).

Currently, a marked progress has been observed in utilization of air negative ion. Whenever, air ion (gas) elicits some effects on various materials, e.g. epithelial tissues like respiratory organs and skins, air ions have to touch, as the first step, with these epithelial tissues, being dissolved into tissue fluids and, thereafter, reacting with specific constituents within limited microenvironment.  Since air ions in gas phase have to react with body fluids (liquid phase) and solid body constituent (solid phase) for eliciting some effects on tissues of animal, plant and microorganisms, it is important to consider their physiological effects, from these three material phases(gas, liquid and solid phase). In addition, it is easily possible to manipulate liquid or solid materials with various ion treatments, to convert their native properties to new modified properties, and to apply them to actual various effective industrial processes.